i1* haplogroup descendantsi1* haplogroup descendants

i1* haplogroup descendants30 Apr i1* haplogroup descendants

economy based on long-distance mobility and an economy of fishing, fur It is most common among those of Norwegian and Swedish descent. Of course, it can't yet be Wuotan (Old High German) subgroup of I-M223, namely I-M284, occurs almost exclusively in before their addition to this book and, therefore, to be a somewhat The Group X1 table lists unmatched DNA profiles with haplogroups other than those in the haplogroup R1b family while the Group X2 table lists unmatched DNA profiles for those in the haplogroup R1b family. The foregoing discussion cannot be considered definitive concerning the deep ancestry of the participants but they do suggest what this ancestry might be. Groups X1 and X2 Modal values for each of the markers for Groups A and B are given in the first row of the first 2 tables. of this bloodline of Jesus and Mary, and connected to Odin? The proposed candidates include haplogroup C3, haplogroup Q, haplogroup R1b and haplogroup C2. formation of the I1 lineage after the LGM There are several instances of other surnames known to have this Group B profile and who do not have a known connection to a Hamilton. This suggestion is supported by recent genetic studies regarding Y-DNA Haplogroup I2b2-L38 have concluded that there was some Late Iron Age migration of Celtic La Tne people, through Belgium, to the British Isles including north-east Ireland. descendants of Odin intermarried with a line from the Davidic bloodline The mediterranean haplogroup E1b1b1a1b1a-V13 was detected in an Avar (SzK/239) and a Conqueror (K2/6) sample, while this marker was not covered in another sample (K1/13, E1b1b- M215). One characteristic of the Group A DNA profile is that it is quite unique; very few people other than Hamiltons match this profile even at the 12 marker level. A new terminal SNP for people with this profile has recently been identified. the entire wall." These marker sites are known to mutate quite rapidly so the variation observed is not unusual. The EDMUNDSON-GRANT-HARPER-NEWSOM-THORNTON group is YCAIIb=20, while others are YCAIIb=21. New SNPs continue to be identified at a fairly rapid pace. 2. The cookie only stores information necessary to maintain a secure, authenticated session and will only exist for as long as the user is authenticated in Craft. coniferous and deciduous forests, perfect for building ships. Nevgen STR based subclade Predictor - Only tested STRs? To participate in this project, join or follow the project, then add your oldest known ancestor who belonged to this haplogroup. living. I-M253/I-M307/I-P30/I-P40 has highest frequency in Scandinavia, Figure 1), which is present in almost all males living today (except certain . The Saami of the north were oriented towards the west as far There are two things to watch if you want to understand your DNA. Craft's default cookies do not collect IP addresses. 134 It is notable, however, that the distributions of Haplogroup I1-M253 and Haplogroup I2a2-M436 seem to correlate fairly well with the extent of historical influence of Germanic peoples. K2a and C1 have been found in the oldest sequenced male remains from Western Eurasia (dating from circa 45,000 to 35,000 years BP), such as: Ust'-Ishim man (modern west Siberia) K2a*, Oase 1 (Romania) K2a*, Kostenki 14 (south west Russia) C1b, and Goyet Q116-1 (Belgium) C1a. In that case you will be taken directly to the part of the Ancestors table that has the earliest known ancestor for that individual. Complicating this situation is that there is some lingering doubt whether Alexander Hamilton is biologically really a Hamilton, as has been discussed in a recent biography of the statesman written by Ron Chernow. The first two participants in Group I1-7 (formerly Group P) are known to be related; they are from the Earl of Haddington line of Hamiltons so presumably this is the profile for descendants of that line. Subclades act as the branches of haplogroups, getting that level of detail more refined, kind of like leaves on the end of a tree. The first two participants listed in Group I1-8 are known to be related to each other and the last two participants in this group are also related. Knowing very little of genetic genealogy, I don't know . 1 belong to I-FT396000 . This question was answered by determining that well documented descendants of lines that branched off from the Walter Fitzgilbert line prior to James1 have the Group A profile. Groups with Haplo R1a and R1b1a2 It is L1335 which at least one individual in each of Groups R1b-5 and R1b-6 has. One appraoch to answering that question is to estimate how long ago the subhaplogroups of the various Hamilton I1 groups split from one another. Furthermore, one of the patriarchs of this Osborn line is known to have lived within a mile of the matriarch of these Hamilton lines. Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. I and J were subsequently distributed in Asia and Europe in a disjunctive phylogeographic pattern typical of "sibling" haplogroups. The southern lands were a mix of Any male Edwards' out there with with a haplogroup I1-Z138? If he or other relatives left male line descendants then they should show up with the Group B profile but with a different surname. The marker values are a measure of how frequently particular sequences of DNA bases are repeated at each marker site on the Y-chromosome. The I1 branch of the human tree is some 20,000 years old. - Enter your STR values to see if your STR matches any pattern for Nevgens subclade predictor -https://www.nevgen.org/, The Yfull tree, haplogroup I1-M253 section:https://yfull.com/tree/I1/, The ISOGG Y-tree:https://isogg.org/tree/index.html, Anthrogenica discussion board, haplogroup I1-M253 section:https://anthrogenica.com/forumdisplay.php?66-I1-M253, Discussion group in Facebook, haplogroup I1-M253:https://www.facebook.com/groups/i1.m253, FamilyTreeDNA Forum:https://forums.familytreedna.com/, Distribution of Repeat Values at Various STR Sites for Haplogroup I1 (Using"I1a" nomenclature. Paper trails indicate that the five participants in Group R1b-11 are derived from David Hamilton who was born in 1620 in Cambuslang, Scotland. I1-Z58 and its subclades occurs at greatest frequency in northwest Europe. geography and a time period. DNA profile Haplogroup after the period of the LGM. Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries. The group is of special interest because they all descend in well documented lines from a grandson (John C. A. Hamilton) of Alexander Hamilton, one of the founding fathers of the US. With archaeological evidence Here's a chart I received from a member of the group I1d. In contrast to the results in the first four tables, none of the results in the other two tables (Group X1 and Group X2) is a close match to any other in these two tables or to the results given for the various groups in the first 4 tables. There are a major source of Norse tradition and mythology. Group A or I1-1 (Haplo I1a2a1a1a1 or I-L338), most common haplogroup family in Scotland. The possibility that a Wormley might be the progenitor of the Group B Hamiltons has recently been discussed by Nick Wormley at his web site. Haplogroups The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape. The haplogroup assigned to each of the DNA groups gives some information about the deep ancestry of that group and where ancestors that lived 10,000 years or more ago may have come from. Haplogroup I Subhaplogroups FreeSpace Page, Y-DNA Haplogroup I1-S249-Z131 (I1b) (1, 0, 0). The Y chromosome in men contains information about the changes that have happened in the direct male lineage - these are called mutations. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. A major difference between mutations at STR sites and those at SNP sites is that the STR sites mutate in a time period of one to a few hundred years (that is one of the reasons why they are so useful in genealogical investigations) while the rate of mutation at SNP sites is measured in the thousand to 10s of thousands of years. of Denmark, southern Sweden and perhaps even western Norway. royal scribe was taking notes and these survive to this day. These mutations occurred a long time ago and contain important information about a large geographic area and mix of people. Who was the father of James1? The language patterns of the Saami are of Finno-Ugrian origins in the south. The probability that these Robertsons have a common ancestor with the Hamiltons of Group A is accentuated by the finding that they match so well when many more marker values are compared; the modal values for this group of Robertsons differs from the modal values for the Group A Hamiltons at only 4 markers out of 111. Males have a Y and an X chromosome, whereas females have two X chromosomes. I2 subclade of I-M170 is the main haplogroup found on male remains in Mesolithic Europe, until circa 6,000 BCE, when mass migration into Europe of Anatolian farmers carrying Y-DNA G2a happened.[16]. In any event, the DNA evidence presented here indicates that not all Hamiltons are derived from a single male initiator; only two are required to give rise to about 50% of the participants (those in Groups A and B) but there must have been many additional initiators for those in the other groups. Naturally, what followed was greater The -haplogroup of the Y-chromosome (cf. Coastal Smi became increasingly more sedentary, However, since it was found that these initial SNP groups had further SNPs, what one really has is a series of haplogroup families headed by the initial ones characterized by capital letters. In Britain, haplogroup I-M253 is often As indicated in the Ancestors table, the first five participants in Group I2-1 do, however, share a known common ancestor born about 1650 in Glasgow, Scotland. Tables (5) and (6) have a column headed Haplo which gives the measured or predicted haplogroup for each participant; the heading for each group in tables (1) to (4) gives the haplogroup information for that group. The Edda were Old Norse poems written down in Iceland during the 13th In other words, those in Hamilton Group A are in the haplogroup I family but are in a branch of that family defined by a series of SNPs with the terminal one being L338. ), Y-, ALU-, Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge, Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape, . The Corded Ware period (3200-1800 BCE) marks the arrival of the Indo-European R1a people from the Ukrainian steppes. The 8 contributing males living 5000 years after the founding of I-haplogroup were certainly not the total population of living I-haplogroup males of that time. Genetische genealogie: een zoektocht in ons DNA-archief, Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: a study of 560 Y chromosomes (2009), Influences of history, geography, and religion on genetic structure: the Maronites in Lebanon, A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles, Uniparental Markers in Italy Reveal a Sex-Biased Genetic Structure and Different Historical Strata, Clinal patterns of human Y chromosomal diversity in continental Italy and Greece are dominated by drift and founder effects, Traces of forgotten historical events in mountain communities in Central Italy: A genetic insight, Uniparental Markers of Contemporary Italian Population Reveals Details on Its Pre-Roman Heritage, Genetic Structure in Contemporary South Tyrolean Isolated Populations Revealed by Analysis of Y-Chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu Polymorphisms, Differential Greek and northern African migrations to Sicily are supported by genetic evidence from the Y chromosome, Isolates in a corridor of migrations: A high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan, . One subclade of Haplogroup I2a2-M436, namely I2a2a1a1-M284, has been found almost exclusively among the population of Great Britain, which has been taken to suggest that the clade may have a very long history in that island. subgroups of haplogroup I: Look at the density in Scandinavia. This cookie will expire as soon as the session expires. Group B or I1-2 (Haplo I1a3a or I-L1237). Another instance where a RecLOH event seems to have recently occurred in a Group A Hamiton line is in the line to H-123; his known close relatives, H-046 and H-082, do not have this mutation. It can be found in the majority of present-day European populations; the greatest density to be found in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Norway, Sweden, Serbia, Sardinia, Denmark and Germany. A thorough look at the confusion of this haplotype. , , Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Agnes apparently died about 1378. MtDNA . Haplogroup I Subhaplogroups FreeSpace PageY-DNA Haplogroup I Category Pages, Y-DNA Haplogroup I-M253 (Y-DNA Haplogroup I1). The Sinclair family has members who show the tell-tale markers $5 / month. [93], The distribution of Haplogroup I2a2-M436 (M436/P214/S33, P216/S30, P217/S23, P218/S32) is closely correlated to that of Haplogroup I1 except in Fennoscandia, which suggests that it was probably harbored by at least one of the Paleolithic refuge populations that also harbored Haplogroup I1-M253; the lack of correlation between the distributions of I1-M253 and I2a2-M436 in Fennoscandia may be a result of Haplogroup I2a2-M436's being more strongly affected in the earliest settlement of this region by founder effects and genetic drift due to its rarity, as Haplogroup I2a2-M436 comprises less than 10% of the total Y-chromosome diversity of all populations outside of Lower Saxony. Two of the participants in Group R1b-9 are known to be related to one another as indicated in the Ancestors table but the similarities of their DNA profiles to those of the others in this group strongly suggests that all have a common ancestor in the recent past. Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M253, https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_I1_Y-DNA.shtml, https://anthrogenica.com/forumdisplay.php?66-I1-M253. As indicated by the results, a mutation has occurred at DYS19/394 in one of the lines from John but it is not known in which line this has occurred. Fosna cultures. The composite subclade I-M170 contains individuals directly descended from the earliest members of Haplogroup I, bearing none of the subsequent mutations which identify the remaining named subclades. about 750 led to large scale changes in all Scandinavians except the southeast. If so we should probably get in touch. STRs occur in each generation and help to uniquely identify a person and their haplotype. These haplotypes are expressed by markers. The most important haplogroup that may be a strong predictor of Viking genetic background is I1. I1 is overwhelmingly a Possibly someone with one of these surnames was the father of James1. H1, in human mitochondrial DNA, a haplogroup contained in a significant fraction of individuals of Western European heritage; H1, in human Y-chromosome DNA, a haplogroup common in South Asian individuals; H1, in the MAPT (Tau protein) gene on human chromosome 17, a haplogroup associated with increased probability of certain dementias when compared to haplogroup H2 (1,500 years before Christ). often drawn to look for clues that the Sinclair family is either It is of interest to know how closly or distantly the nine Hamilton I1 groups (I1-1 to I1-9) are related to one another along all male lines. Outside of Scandinavia, Britain is the place where youre most likely to find people with Viking heritage as the Vikings settled here and colonised. Hugh Montgomery 122, 123 and These are known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It is well documented that one Hamilton line began in Scotland about 1300 with Walter Fitzgilbert de Hamilton as the patriarch of the line. Bennett, E.A., Prat, S., Pan, S., Crpin, L., Yanevich, A., Puaud, S., & Geigl, E. M. (2019). Sir John is a grandson of Walter Fitzgilbert de Hamilton, in other words two generations closer to Walter Fitzgilbert than the James1 discussed previously. HAMILTON SURNAME DNA RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, Prepared by Gordon Hamilton, Project Coordinator, 1. much attention from those working on SNPs as there are fewer of them. located along the major rivers and lakes in the foothills zone about lands were [97] The study featured the measured average heights of young German, Swedish, Dutch, Danish, Serbian and Bosnian men. The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula, Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History, Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians (2010), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates", The origin of the Gravettians: genomic evidence from a 36,000-year-old Eastern European, "Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in Europe", "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians", "Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic", "The origin of the Gravettians: genomic evidence from a 36,000-year-old Eastern European", Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years, "Ancient DNA reveals monozygotic newborn twins from the Upper Palaeolithic", "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree", "Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I-M170 Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe", "Ancient DNA reveals 'genetic continuity' between Stone Age and modern populations in East Asia", "Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia", "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus", "Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events", "Comments on 2014 Klyosov Article on Jewish DNA Genealogy p. 1 of 2 - Levite DNA", "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations", "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe", "Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups in Bulgarians", "Y-chromosome diversity in modern Bulgarians: new clues about their ancestry", https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0, "Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A coastal-inland contrast", "Y Haplogroup Frequencies in the Flemish Populstion", "Significant genetic differentiation between Poland and Germany follows present-day political borders, as revealed by Y-chromosome analysis", "The western and eastern roots of the Saami--the story of genetic "outliers" told by mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes", "Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings", "Y-chromosome diversity in Sweden A long-time perspective", "Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I-M170 reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in europe", "Swedish Haplogroup Database (Stats haplopie)", "The key role of patrilineal inheritance in shaping the genetic variation of Dagestan highlanders", "Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe", "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia", "Ancient DNA Reveals Lack of Continuity between Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Contemporary Scandinavians", "Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe figure 1", "The peopling of modern Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-chromosome haplogroups in the three main ethnic groups", "Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events", "The mountains of giants: An anthropometric survey of male youths in Bosnia and Herzegovina", "The role of nutrition and genetics as key determinants of the positive height trend", Y-DNA Haplogroup I-M170 and Its Subclades, Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I, Frequency Distributions of Y-DNA Haplogroup I and its subclades with Video Tutorial. The fact that their results differ at only one site out of 37 markers (and 3 sites out of 67 markers) indicates that there has not been a non-paternal event (unknown adoption, conception out of wedlock, etc.) Most important are two types of mutations that are printed on the Y-chromosome. Through DNA testing, it is possible to effectively trace your potential inner Viking and discover whether it forms part of your genetic makeup or not. It's a search that took data on FTDNA and Ken Nordvedt. (According to Jennifer Westwood, the day of the week Wednesday was As more people test, the history of this genetic lineage will be further refined. In between the ice and the tree line, drought-tolerant grasses and loess dunes would have dominated the landscape. Haplogroup in Scandinavia Since King James VI of Scotland (King James I of England) is a descendant of this union, all Group B Hamiltons can thus claim kinship to the current British royal family and through them to virtually all the royal houses of Europe. Participant H-073 is the father of H-039 and grandfather of H-079; H-072 is a third cousin of H-073. I1d is a north European clade, but it is not as north in origin as the Scandinavian haplogroup, although that's where a large fraction of the I1d ended up. Therefore, although the initial capital letter used to define a haplogroup family will likely not change, some of the additional numbers and letters to further define the haplogroup may change with time and new terminal SNPs may be found. 5. Today, Lindisfarne. SNP. many authors - Description: When you log into the Control Panel, you will get an authentication cookie used to maintain your authenticated state. Description: If you check the "Keep me logged in" option during login, this cookie is used to remember the username for your next authentication. family has the S21 U106 Visigoth markers. Or Real This haplogroup reaches its maximum frequency in the Western Balkans (with the highest concentration of I2 in present-day Herzegovina). James2 is the Hamilton (born about 1415 and died in 1479) who married Princess Mary Stewart, daughter of King James II of Scotland. Over the years there has been considerable discussion and speculation concerning the ancestry of this Walter with many early commentators suggesting that he was derived from one or more members of the English aristocracy. Those who want to follow this line of reasoning are [88], Outside Fennoscandia, distribution of Haplogroup I1-M253 is closely correlated with that of Haplogroup I2a2-M436; but among Scandinavians (including both Germanic and Uralic peoples of the region) nearly all the Haplogroup I-M170 Y-chromosomes are I1-M253. named after this character.) The dispersion of marker values in Group A is greater indicating that the common ancestor for all those in Group A lived in an earlier time period. Those in Group R1b-12 are all known to be related so the observation that they match is not too surprising. It is a subgroup of haplogroup IJ, which itself is a derivative of the haplogroup IJK. Ritchie, L.L. This page will take you through whatever can be known about the I1 The names for the other groups are based on their haplogroup families (see later) with numbers being used to distinguish among the different matching groups of these families. There are two main Thus, individuals in different haplogroup families could not have a common ancestor along all male lines in the last 10s of thousands of years. The Group X1 table has unmatched results for those with a haplogroup other than R1b1a2 while the Group X2 table has results for those with a haplogroup of R1b1a2. Join Geni to explore your genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. Haplogroup I2a2-M436 has been found in over 4% of the population only in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, England (not including Cornwall), Scotland, and the southern tips of Sweden and Norway in Northwest Europe; the provinces of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Perche in northwestern France; the province of Provence in southeastern France; the regions of Tuscany, Umbria, and Latium in Italy; and Moldavia and the area around Russia's Ryazan Oblast and Republic of Mordovia in Eastern Europe. The refugia of Iberia(R1b), the Balkans(I) and Ukraine(R1a) allow people to wait out the worst of the ice-age.. are of the Germanic inhabitants of Scandinavia. It was initially quite surprising that they differ at 3 marker sites because they are first cousins twice removed; H-054 is the grandson of a first cousin of H-014. Participant H-084 in Group R1b-5 does not trace his lineage to John of Concord but rather to ancestors in the 1600s in Fife and Argyll, Scotland. other lineages, they seem to have "sprinted" north to get to the SNPs do not occur as often as STRs but they define your haplogroup. Therefore, those in one of these I1 haplogroup groups could only have a common ancestor with another along all male lines over 100 generations ago. Expressed differently and perhaps more clearly, this chart makes it The foregoing analysis suggests that all Hamilton participants in Group B are male line descendants of just one person, namely James1. at this writing, the southern group became the Viking invaders while Thus, the current haplogroup designation for Group I1-4 is I1a2b or I-Z138. At the peak of Danelaw, which is the name of the territory of Britain that the Danes controlled, as much as of the island was under their control. Recent analyses of mitochondrial DNA have set the estimate for the major migration from Africa from 60,000 to 70,000 years ago, around 1020,000 years earlier than previously thought, and in line with dating of the Toba eruption to around 66,000 to 76,000 years ago. fishermen. present for thousands of years. Furthermore, his 67 marker profile differs at only two markers from the modal for Group B. Captain John Hamilton is thought to be descended from the Hamiltons of Dalserf, Scotland, which some historians claim connect to the premier male Hamilton line from Walter Fitzgilbert. The genealogies of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom in England suggest that IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. as Iceland and Greenland. You may also be surprised to know that Scottish and Irish surnames starting in Mc and Mac also come from Scandinavia, as well as surnames ending in son or sen. We sell one of the worlds most detailed DNA ancestry kits, turning a quick and simple mouth swab into an enriching journey through the history of your ancestors. Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries. and the R1b DYS390=23 expansion in some cases. was a new beginning for I1 haplotypes in Europe. It will be noted that there are 24 matching groups in the R1b family which are thus named R1b-1 to R1b-24. Since the DNA profiles of H-162 and H-187 match, one can safely conclude that their most recent common ancestor who lived in the early 1700s had a similar profile. Even though the Group X1 table has results for participants with a variety of haplogroups, including E (and its sub haplogroups), G2a, G, I1, I1d1, I2a, I2b1, J2 and R1a1a, the Group X2 table has results for a considerably larger number of R1b1a2 participants. With the exceptions that are pointed out in the Ancestors table, many of the participants in the groups given in the first 4 tables were previously unaware of any relationship to each other. The role of the Balkans as a long-standing corridor to Europe from Anatolia and/or the Caucasus is shown by the common phylogenetic origins of both haplogroups I and J in the parent haplogroup IJ (M429). Furthermore, the results imply that the DNA profile of Alexander, himself, was probably very similar to those in Group D but with the ambiguity that it cannot currently be concluded whether his value for DYS19/394 should be 14 or 15. The only possible explanation for the observation that Preston and Olivestob descendants, as well as the Raploch descendants, all have the Group A profile while James1 and his descendants have the Group B profile is that the break in the senior male Hamilton line occurred in the conception of James1; someone other than a Walter Fitzgilbert all male line descendant was the father of James1. miraval austin vs tucson, heineken star club td garden, 9 disadvantages of whistleblowing,

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